As reported this past week by GovInfoSecurity, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023, signed into law in late December 2022, included a key provision to help ensure the cybersecurity of medical devices by their manufacturers. GovInfoSecurity interviewed Dr. Suzanne Schwartz, director of the FDA’s Office of Strategic Partnerships and Technology Innovation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, about this new piece of legislation.

As stated in the Act, any medical device that meets the definition of a “cyber device” under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act must meet specifically enumerated cybersecurity requirements. Specifically, any sponsor of an application or submission shall:

1. submit to the Secretary a plan to monitor, identify, and address, as appropriate, in a reasonable time, postmarket cybersecurity vulnerabilities and exploits, including coordinated vulnerability disclosure and related procedures;
2. design, develop, and maintain processes and procedures to provide a reasonable assurance that the device and related systems are cybersecure, and make available postmarket updates and patches to the device and related systems to address:
   • on a reasonably justified regular cycle, known unacceptable vulnerabilities; and
   • as soon as possible out of cycle, critical vulnerabilities that could cause uncontrolled risks;
3. provide to the Secretary a software bill of materials, including commercial, open-source, and off-the-shelf software components; and
4. comply with such other requirements as the Secretary may require through regulation to demonstrate reasonable assurance that the device and related systems are cybersecure.

A cyber device is defined as one that “(1) includes software validated, installed, or authorized by the sponsor as a device or in a device; (2) has the ability to connect to the internet; and (3) contains any such technological characteristics validated, installed, or authorized by the sponsor that could be vulnerable to cybersecurity threats.

Not later than 180 days after enactment of this Act, the FDA must issue premarket guidance for FDA staff and the medical device industry, in addition to publishing a report identifying challenges to implementing cybersecurity for current and legacy medical devices within the next year.

The Act provides the FDA with $5 million of funding for the development of policies, procedures, and enforcement efforts.